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The was the forcible transfer from Saisaih Pt. and Mariveles to Camp O'Donnell by the Imperial Japanese Army of 60,000–80,000 Filipino and American (including Filipino-American) prisoners of war which began on April 9, 1942, after the three-month Battle of Bataan in the Philippines during World War II. About 2,500–10,000 Filipino and 100–650 American prisoners of war died before they could reach their destination.〔〔Seven Czech prisoners were among the captives. ''Philippine Star'', ("Czech Heroes in Bataan" )〕 The reported death tolls vary, especially among Filipino and Filipino-American (U.S. Nationals) POWs, because historians cannot determine how many prisoners blended in with the civilian population and escaped. The march went from Mariveles, Bataan, to San Fernando, Pampanga. From San Fernando, survivors were loaded to a box train and were brought to Camp O'Donnell in Capas, Tarlac. The march was characterized by occasional severe physical abuse. It was later judged by an Allied military commission to be a Japanese war crime.〔 ==The march== Starting on April 9, 1942, prisoners were stripped of their weapons and valuables, and told to march to Balanga, the capital of Bataan. Some were beaten, bayoneted, and mistreated. The first major atrocity occurred when between 350 and 400 Filipino-American officers and NCOs were summarily executed near the Pantingan river after they had surrendered.〔 (A recent historian has dismissed the Pantingan massacre, accepting General Homma's defense counsel's argument that no bodies were ever found; however, the bodies were disinterred in mid 1946, well after the conclusion of Homma's trial.) This massacre has been attributed to Japanese army officer, Masanobu Tsuji, who acted against Homma's wish that the prisoners be transferred peacefully. Tsuji intended to kill many of the prisoners, and he gave orders to this end. POWs received little food or water, and some died along the way from heat or exhaustion.〔 Some POWs drank water from filthy water buffalo wallows on the side of the road. Some Japanese troops, products of a culture that prized order above all, lost control during the chaos that defined the March and beat or bayoneted prisoners who began to fall behind, or were unable to walk. Some POWs, however, were allowed water and several hundred rode to Camp O'Donnell in trucks. Once the surviving prisoners arrived in Balanga, the overcrowded conditions and poor hygiene caused dysentery and other diseases to rapidly spread. The Japanese failed to provide the prisoners with medical care, leaving U.S. medical personnel to tend to the sick and wounded (with few or no supplies). In a 2001 commemorative speech in front of the United States House of Representatives, Representative Dana Rohrabacher stated: Trucks drove over some of those who fell or succumbed to fatigue, and "cleanup crews" put to death those too weak to continue, though some trucks picked up some of those too fatigued to continue. Some marchers were harassed with random bayonet stabs and beatings.〔 * 〕 From San Fernando, the prisoners were transported by rail to Capas. One hundred or more prisoners were stuffed into each of the trains' boxcars, which were unventilated and sweltering in the tropical heat. The trains had no sanitation facilities, and disease continued to take a heavy toll on the prisoners. After they reached Capas, they were forced to walk the final 9 miles to Camp O'Donnell.〔 Even after arriving at Camp O'Donnell, the survivors of the march continued to die at rates of up to several hundred per day, leading to about 1,600 American, and as many as 20,000 Filipino dead.〔〔(O'Donnell Provost Marshal Report )〕 Most of the dead were buried in mass graves the Japanese dug out with bulldozers on the outside of the barbed wire surrounding the compound. The death toll of the march is difficult to assess as thousands of captives were able to escape from their guards (although many were killed during their escapes), and it is not known how many died in the fighting that was taking place concurrently. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bataan Death March」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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